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Industrial automation Bastian Kleimann and Faizan Ahmed 14 min read · Sep 2026

How IT/OT Convergence Gets Physical AI onto Real Machines

Physical AI covers robots and autonomous systems that perceive, decide, and act on the factory floor, and it is still early: Deloitte found that only 3% of firms have it extensively integrated into operations. Whether these projects make it to production usually depends less on the model or the robot than on how well IT and OT are connected underneath. Written as the engineering companion to "Physical AI Needs an Industrial Nervous System", this article works through the four gaps that keep IT and OT apart: protocols, data meaning, timing, and security. For each one, it covers what a convergence layer has to do and how Xentara does it. It ends with a brownfield path that starts with a single control loop.